齒輪加工
- 聯系人：陳先生
- 電話：13601504610
- 產品描述：常州茂通機械是機械零部件加工制造的經營實體，主要業務包括數控車床加工，CNC加工中心，內外圓磨床加工，龍門銑床加工，鏜孔（鉆孔）加工。已獲得ISO9001:2008質量體系認證。本廠現年產值1600多萬元，員工30余名，廠房2000㎡。擁有獨立的數控車間、焊接車間、普通金加工車間，并以加工產品質量上乘，工作進程迅速而常年與三一重工、江蘇南方機電股份有限公司、、博雷（中國）控制系統有限公司、蘇州昆侖
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齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)(zhou)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設計(ji)說明書 一(yi)、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)（如圖(tu)(tu)） 1、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名稱(cheng)：齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)(zhou)； 2、材料：40Cr； 3、質量(liang)：17.38kg； 4、產(chan)量(liang)：100件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)； 5、技(ji)術要求： 1）調質處理28-32HRC。 6、齒(chi)輪(lun)基(ji)本參(can)數： 1）m=4; β=9°22′（左(zuo)旋）; 2）z=33, 精度(du)等級887FH； 3）α=20°。 二、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi) 1、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、環境及鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)現象分(fen)(fen)析(xi) 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)軸(zhou)(zhou)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，因此鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)側(ce)重(zhong)于(yu)成(cheng)形、減少(shao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)，而是(shi)側(ce)重(zhong)于(yu)提(ti)高鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)學性(xing)能(neng)。結合現代工(gong)(gong)廠設備、技(ji)術力(li)(li)量(liang)和加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)(li)，選(xuan)用自(zi)由(you)手工(gong)(gong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)能(neng)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢有坯料端部彎曲并(bing)帶(dai)毛刺和脫碳等。 2、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構(gou)形狀對鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)適應性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi) 即鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。該(gai)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)梯軸(zhou)(zhou)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)通過(guo)(guo)手工(gong)(gong)自(zi)由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)來(lai)完成(cheng)初步(bu)成(cheng)型。因鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)而產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)(guo)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處理和切(qie)削加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)來(lai)改善(shan)。 三、繪(hui)制(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)繪(hui)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。自(zi)由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)是(shi)在零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上考慮了(le)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)公差、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)余塊等參(can)數后(hou)繪(hui)制(zhi)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。根(gen)據(ju)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)步(bu)驟繪(hui)制(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)（如下(xia)頁(ye)圖(tu)(tu)）： （1）確(que)定鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形狀。 （2）用紅(hong)線繪(hui)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)。 （3）計(ji)算尺寸，查公差并(bing)注于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)上。
四、參(can)數選(xuan)擇 1、工(gong)藝參(can)數 首(shou)先(xian)選(xuan)擇工(gong)藝余(yu)塊以簡化(hua)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)，然后確定(ding)加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)公差(cha)。 2、選(xuan)擇依據 選(xuan)擇參(can)數應考慮鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、形(xing)(xing)狀尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)、現有設備、生產批量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)因素。 3、確定(ding)方(fang)法 查有關(guan)標(biao)準進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，并與(yu)同類件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)比(bi)較，選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公差(cha)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)依下(xia)列條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)確定(ding)： （1）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)多，其值(zhi)(zhi)取小(xiao)(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則取大(da)些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （2）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。一般材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)其值(zhi)(zhi)取小(xiao)(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，特(te)殊鋼取大(da)些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （3）表(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)好，其值(zhi)(zhi)取小(xiao)(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則取大(da)些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （4）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀簡單，長度短，其值(zhi)(zhi)取小(xiao)(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則取大(da)些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （5）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)水平。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)水平高，其值(zhi)(zhi)取小(xiao)(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則取大(da)些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （6）工(gong)具和(he)(he)設備情況、企業(ye)工(gong)藝習慣等(deng)其它因素。 4、數據處理 對(dui)于(yu)大(da)型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尾數圓整為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5或(huo)0；中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按四舍五入原則處理成整數。最后確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝參(can)數如(ru)(ru)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖所示(shi)。 五、確定(ding)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun) 1、確定(ding)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加(jia)熱時氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損、切頭(tou)(tou)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失及沖(chong)(chong)(chong)孔時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損失等(deng)。 (1) 計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 根據鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀和(he)(he)基(ji)本(ben)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)，可(ke)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)出(chu)(chu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)： m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV 式(shi)(shi)中(zhong) m鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)； p—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度（ kg/dm3 ）取7.85kg /dm3 ； V —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積（ dm3 ）； 由此(ci)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)得(de)：m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV = 7.85 kg /dm3×3.498 dm3 = 27.46 kg (2) 計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加(jia)熱時氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損、切頭(tou)(tou)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失及沖(chong)(chong)(chong)孔時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損失等(deng)。其計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)公式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)： m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao) ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin) 式(shi)(shi)中(zhong) m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi) —坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)—氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）， m 切—表(biao)示(shi)對(dui)拔長工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切頭(tou)(tou)損失（ kg ）； m 芯(xin)—沖(chong)(chong)(chong)孔時沖(chong)(chong)(chong)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損失（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)一般按火次進(jin)行(xing)估算(suan)(suan)，如(ru)(ru)第一火取鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 2.0% ～ 3.0% ，以后各火一般取 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 1.5% ～ 2.0% ；m 切一般按下(xia)面(mian)經驗(yan)公式(shi)(shi)估算(suan)(suan)：對(dui)于(yu)該零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圓形(xing)(xing)截面(mian) m 切＝1.81 ，其中(zhong)D 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)切頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)分(fen)直徑（ dm ）；零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)沒有沖(chong)(chong)(chong)孔，故， m 芯(xin)= 0kg。 所以，m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao) ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin)＝27.46×（1+1.5%）+1.81×0.873 ＝28.60(kg) 2、確定(ding)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun) 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)與(yu)所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一道基(ji)本(ben)工(gong)序(xu)（鐓粗(cu)(cu)或(huo)拔長）有關(guan)，所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu)不同，確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法也不一樣。 此(ci)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)間部(bu)分(fen)采用鐓粗(cu)(cu)法鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制，對(dui)于(yu)鋼坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)避免鐓粗(cu)(cu)時坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)產生 彎曲，坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高度H與(yu)其直徑D之比(bi)應滿足鐓粗(cu)(cu)規則，即 1.25≤H/D≤2.5 對(dui)于(yu)此(ci)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) ,D坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)＝（0.8～1）D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),取D坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)＝0.8 D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝0.8*150mm＝120mm 由此(ci)，可(ke)求(qiu)出(chu)(chu)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高度H坯(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。
