齒輪
- 聯系人：陳先生
- 電話：13601504610
- 產品描述：常州茂通機械是機械零部件加工制造的經營實體，主要業務包括數控車床加工，CNC加工中心，內外圓磨床加工，龍門銑床加工，鏜孔（鉆孔）加工。已獲得ISO9001:2008質量體系認證。本廠現年產值1600多萬元，員工30余名，廠房2000㎡。擁有獨立的數控車間、焊接車間、普通金加工車間，并以加工產品質量上乘，工作進程迅速而常年與三一重工、江蘇南方機電股份有限公司、、博雷（中國）控制系統有限公司、蘇州昆侖
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齒輪(lun)軸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設計說明(ming)書 一、分(fen)析(xi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)（如圖(tu)(tu)） 1、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名稱：齒輪(lun)軸； 2、材料：40Cr； 3、質量(liang)(liang)：17.38kg； 4、產量(liang)(liang)：100件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)； 5、技術要求： 1）調質處理28-32HRC。 6、齒輪(lun)基本參(can)數： 1）m=4; β=9°22′（左旋）; 2）z=33, 精度等級(ji)887FH； 3）α=20°。 二、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性分(fen)析(xi) 1、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)目的、環境(jing)及鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)現象(xiang)分(fen)析(xi) 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)軸類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，因(yin)此鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的目的不(bu)是(shi)側重于(yu)成(cheng)形、減少(shao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)，而(er)是(shi)側重于(yu)提(ti)高鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的力學性能(neng)。結合現代工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠設備、技術力量(liang)(liang)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力，選用自由(you)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性能(neng)可能(neng)變(bian)化的趨勢有坯料端部彎曲并帶毛刺(ci)和(he)脫(tuo)碳等。 2、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構形狀對鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)適應性的分(fen)析(xi) 即鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性分(fen)析(xi)。該零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)簡(jian)單的階梯軸類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可通(tong)過手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)來(lai)完成(cheng)初步成(cheng)型(xing)。因(yin)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)而(er)產生的缺陷可以通(tong)過鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)后(hou)的熱(re)處理和(he)切削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來(lai)改善。 三、繪(hui)制(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)是(shi)根據零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)繪(hui)制(zhi)的。自由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)是(shi)在零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)的基礎上考慮了加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)(zao)公差(cha)(cha)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)余(yu)塊等參(can)數后(hou)繪(hui)制(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)的。根據以下步驟繪(hui)制(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)（如下頁圖(tu)(tu)）： （1）確定(ding)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形狀。 （2）用紅線繪(hui)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)。 （3）計算尺寸，查公差(cha)(cha)并注(zhu)于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)上。
四(si)、參(can)數(shu)(shu)選(xuan)擇(ze) 1、工(gong)藝(yi)參(can)數(shu)(shu) 首先選(xuan)擇(ze)工(gong)藝(yi)余(yu)(yu)塊以簡化(hua)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)外形(xing)，然后確定加(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和公差。 2、選(xuan)擇(ze)依(yi)(yi)據 選(xuan)擇(ze)參(can)數(shu)(shu)應考(kao)慮鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、形(xing)狀(zhuang)尺寸(cun)(cun)、現有(you)設(she)(she)備、生(sheng)產(chan)批量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等因(yin)素。 3、確定方法(fa)(fa) 查有(you)關標(biao)準進行分(fen)析，并與(yu)同(tong)類件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)比較，選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公差余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)依(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)列條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)確定： （1）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)多，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些，否(fou)則(ze)取(qu)大些。 （2）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些，特殊鋼取(qu)大些。 （3）表面(mian)(mian)(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)好，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些，否(fou)則(ze)取(qu)大些。 （4）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)尺寸(cun)(cun)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)簡單，長度短，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些，否(fou)則(ze)取(qu)大些。 （5）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)技術(shu)水平。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)技術(shu)水平高，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)些，否(fou)則(ze)取(qu)大些。 （6）工(gong)具和設(she)(she)備情況、企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)藝(yi)習慣等其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它因(yin)素。 4、數(shu)(shu)據處理 對(dui)(dui)于(yu)大型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尾數(shu)(shu)圓整(zheng)為(wei)5或0；中小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按(an)(an)四(si)舍五(wu)入原(yuan)則(ze)處理成整(zheng)數(shu)(shu)。最后確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)參(can)數(shu)(shu)如(ru)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)所(suo)示。 五(wu)、確定坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺寸(cun)(cun) 1、確定坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加(jia)(jia)熱時氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)(shao)損(sun)、切頭時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)及沖孔(kong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)失(shi)等。 (1) 計算(suan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 根據鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)和基本尺寸(cun)(cun)，可(ke)計算(suan)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)： m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV 式中 m鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)； p—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度（ kg/dm3 ）取(qu)7.85kg /dm3 ； V —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積(ji)（ dm3 ）； 由(you)此計算(suan)得：m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV = 7.85 kg /dm3×3.498 dm3 = 27.46 kg (2) 計算(suan)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包(bao)括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加(jia)(jia)熱時氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)(shao)損(sun)、切頭時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)及沖孔(kong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)失(shi)等。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)計算(suan)公式為(wei)： m 坯(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao)(shao) ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin)(xin) 式中 m 坯(pi)(pi) —坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)(shao)—氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)(shao)損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）， m 切—表示對(dui)(dui)拔長工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切頭損(sun)失(shi)（ kg ）； m 芯(xin)(xin)—沖孔(kong)時沖掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)失(shi)（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)(shao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)按(an)(an)火(huo)次(ci)進行估算(suan)，如(ru)第一(yi)(yi)火(huo)取(qu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 2.0% ～ 3.0% ，以后各火(huo)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)取(qu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 1.5% ～ 2.0% ；m 切一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)按(an)(an)下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)經驗公式估算(suan)：對(dui)(dui)于(yu)該零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圓形(xing)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian) m 切＝1.81 ，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中D 為(wei)切頭部分(fen)直徑（ dm ）；零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)沒有(you)沖孔(kong)，故， m 芯(xin)(xin)= 0kg。 所(suo)以，m 坯(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao)(shao) ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin)(xin)＝27.46×（1+1.5%）+1.81×0.873 ＝28.60(kg) 2、確定坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺寸(cun)(cun) 坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺寸(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確定與(yu)所(suo)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)道基本工(gong)序(xu)(xu)（鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)粗(cu)或拔長）有(you)關，所(suo)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)不同(tong)，確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)也不一(yi)(yi)樣。 此零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中間部分(fen)采(cai)用鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)粗(cu)法(fa)(fa)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)鋼坯(pi)(pi)，為(wei)避免鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)粗(cu)時坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)產(chan)生(sheng) 彎曲，坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高度H與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直徑D之(zhi)比應滿足鐓(dui)(dui)(dui)粗(cu)規則(ze)，即 1.25≤H/D≤2.5 對(dui)(dui)于(yu)此零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) ,D坯(pi)(pi)＝（0.8～1）D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),取(qu)D坯(pi)(pi)＝0.8 D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝0.8*150mm＝120mm 由(you)此，可(ke)求出坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高度H坯(pi)(pi)。
